Suqi 发表于 2010-10-15 16:50:46

虚拟语气(had done搭配could have done以及no matter how)

本帖最后由 Suqi 于 2010-10-16 08:33 编辑

老师,您好。请问以下这段话的译文是如何选择时态的呢?had done过去完成时,could have done虚拟语气,为什么要这么选择呢?原文:人们提出这样一个问题,如果中国不搞社会主义,而走资本主义道路,中国人民是不是也能站起来,中国是不是也能翻身?——《邓小平文选III》
译文:You may ask, what if the Chinese people had taken the capitalist road instead? Could they have liberated themselves, and could they have finally stood up?
谢谢老师~~:)

IsaacZ 发表于 2010-10-15 19:44:13

这句话实际上是一句话的分拆。可写为一个完整的虚拟语气的句子:
You may ask, if the Chinese people had taken the capitalist road instead, could they have liberated themselves, and could they have finally stood up?

针对过去事实做出假设,虚拟语气用法如下:


2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
  if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他    例:
  1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
  2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

来源:http://baike.baidu.com/view/26751.htm

Suqi 发表于 2010-10-15 22:17:52

回复 2# IsaacZ
谢谢老师~~:)

Suqi 发表于 2010-10-16 08:40:24

回复 2# IsaacZ
老师,在百度百科“虚拟语气”词条下有这样一条用法:
  3、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:
  ① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如:
  We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。
  We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。
  I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。
  ② may +完成式(指过去) ,主句结构不限。如:
  You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲
  We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。
但是在这句话中,no matter how后的have怎么用的是原形,而不是虚拟语气指现在的may have或指过去的may have had呢?
原文:要注意解决好少数高级知识分子的待遇问题。……我们无论怎么困难,也要提高教师的待遇。——《邓小平文选》III
译文:We must try to increase the material benefits of the few top intellectuals... No matter how many difficulties we have, we must try to improve the treatment of teachers.
谢谢老师~~

IsaacZ 发表于 2010-10-16 13:35:49

这句话影响你对它的理解了吗?如果没有,就不要操心了吧。
自己写类似句子时该怎样写,清楚了吗?清楚了就不要管其他的了吧。

某种语法规则不一定能适用所有实例,包括中国人的翻译作品和以英语为母语的人的原创作品。你也不是没遇到过,何必执着呢?

想区别的话,Google一下所有的实例吧。

Suqi 发表于 2010-10-16 14:22:15

回复 5# IsaacZ
也是哦~~谢谢老师~~:)
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