词语透视：有the无the，意义迥然
中学英语中有些词组有the 无the意义截然不同，现归纳如下：1．at table；at the table at table是固定习语，意思是“吃饭”、“用餐”，table前不能加the。例如：They like to talk at table．他们喜欢在吃饭时谈话。Coming into the house，I found him at table．走进屋子时，我发现他正在用餐。at the table则是“坐在桌子前”，at表示面向桌子。例如：go to church去做礼拜、go to hospiita去看病、go to the hospital 到医院去；go to school上学、g0 to the school到学校去3．in front of；in the front of in front of意为“在××前面”，即一件东西在另一件东西的范围以外的前面。例如：There is a flower bed in front of the room．房间前面有一个花圃。in the front of 意为“在××的前部”，即一件东西在另一件东西的范围内的前面部分。例如：She is sitting in the front of the bus．她坐在公共汽车的前部。The child is sitting at the table．小孩坐在桌子前。2．go to sea；go to the sea go to sea是个固定习语，原义为“出海”，转义为“航海”或“当水手”。例如：He went to sea at the age of 16．他l6岁就当水手了。The crew have gone to sea．全体水手都出海去了。go to the sea中定冠词the 表示某一特定的海边，意为“到海边去”，且一般是到海边度假，所以也可译为“到海边度假”。例如：The Turners went to the sea a few days ago．特纳一家几天前到海边度假去了。They usually go to the sea in midsummer．他们通常在仲夏时到海滨去。英语中还有其他一些类似结构的词组：4．in charge of；in the charge of 两个词组都有“负责××”、“管理××”等意思。区别在于：前者一般表示主语“管理××”，带主动意义；后者只能表示主语“由××管理”，带被动意义。in charge of常与动词be搭配，句子主语一般是人、职务或由人构成的单位。例如：A new manager will be in charge of this department store．一位新经理将要来负责管理这家百货商店。in the charge of也与动词be 搭配，，主语一般是事物，也可以是人。例如：The hospital is in the charge of Professor Wang．这家医院由王教授主管。The children are in the charge of Miss Mead．这些孩子由米德小姐照管。5．in hospital；in the hospitalin hospital意为“就医”、“治疗”、“住院”等，不是侧重住所，而是侧重目的。例如：She has been in hospital for nearly two years．她已住院治疗近两年了。in the hospital中的定冠词the表示特指某医院这一处所，意为“在(那)医院里”。例如：MY aunt used to work in the hospita1．我姑妈以前在那家医院工作。6．inofice；inthe ofice in office的意思是“在职”、“执政”。它用来表示一种工作或职业，在句子中可作表语和定语。例如：Which party is in office in your country now? 你们国家现在是哪一个党执政? in the office表示地点，意思是“在办公室里”。例如：ComradeLiwasinthe office just now．李同志刚才在办公室里。7．in case of；in the case of in ease of意为“万一××”、“一旦××”，引出条件状语。 例如：You may refer to your dictionary in case of difficulty．万一碰到困难，你可以查字典。in the case of意为“就××来说”、“至于××”。例如：In the case of Henry，they tried to keep him in the dark. 至于亨利，他们想方设法使他蒙在鼓里。8．1eave school；leave the school leave school中的school是抽象名词，意为“辍学”。 ...未完待续。。。 1.behind time 过了时刻，迟了 behind the time 落在时代后面，不合时 The train is ten minutes behind time. 火车晚点十分钟。 Such books are behind the times. 这种书落后于时代了。 2.by day 在白天 by the day 计日，论日，按日计 They don’t work by day but by night. 他们白天不工作，晚上工作。 The bank calculates the interest on bills by the day.银行按日计算帐息。 3.by hand 手工做的 by the hand 搀着（手） Was this tablecloth made by hand? 这块桌台布是用手工做的吗？ He took his grandmother by the hand when they crossed the street. 过马路时，他搀着他祖母（ 的手）。 4.by sea 由海路 by the sea 在海岸上，在海滨 Marco Polo came to China by land and returned to Italy by sea.马可·波罗由陆路来中国，由海 路返回意大利。 My friend spent his holiday in a rest home by the sea. 我朋友在海滨一个招待所度假。 5.give battle 开战 give the battle 打败仗 They decided to give battle to the enemies. 他们决定向敌人开战。 They gave the battle in the end. 他们最后打了败仗。 6.go to sea 去当水手 go to the sea 出海 The boy wanted to go to sea. 这男孩想当水手。 The fisherman went to the sea early in the morning. 这渔夫一大早就出海去了。 7.go to war 交战 go to the war 参军 England want to war with Germany in 1939. １９３９年英国和德国交战。 The two brothers went to the war. 两兄弟从军去了。 8.in case of 如果，万一 in the case of 就……来说，至于 You can come to our hospital in case of illness. 你如果有病，可以到我们医院来。 In the case of physical change,no new substance is formed. 就物理变化来说，没有新的物质产生 。 9.in charge of 负责，主管（表示主动） in the charge of 由……负责，被……主管（表示被动） Dr Bethune was in charge of the operation. 白求恩大夫负责这次手术。 This kindergarten is in the charge of a young girl. 这个幼儿园由一个年轻的姑娘负责。 10.in course of 正在……中 in the course of 在……的过程中 An international meeting is in course of preparation. 正在筹备一次国际会议。 New arts have been born in the course of the history of man.在人类历史发展过程中，新的艺术 不断诞生。 11.in future 从今以后 in the future 在将来 In future meetings will start ten minutes earlier. 从今以后会议要提前十分钟开始。 Today,107 chemical elements have been discovered and more willbe discovered in the future. 目前，已经发现了一百零七种元素，将来会发现更多的元素。 12.in person 亲自，外貌上 in the person 以……资格，代表 I can’t go in person ,but I’m sending my secretary. 我不能亲自去了，但是我派我的秘书去。 She looks younger in person than on the screen. 她看上去比她在银幕上的形象更年轻。 He spoke in the person of Xinhua News Agency. 他代表新华社讲话。 13.in place of 代替 in the place of 在……的地方 We use chopsticks in place of knives and forks. 我们用筷子代替刀叉。 The traffic accident happened in the place of Lorraine. 交通事故发生在洛林这个地方。 14.in possession of 占有，拥有（表示主动） in the possession of 被（为了）……占有（所用）（表示被动） She was found in possession of dangerous drugs. 有人发现她拥有危险药品。 That island was in the possession of that country late in thesixteenth century. 这个岛屿１ ６世纪末被那个国家占有。 15.in red 身穿红衣服 in the red 亏损，有赤字 The girl in red is our professor’s daughter. 那个身穿红衣服的姑娘是我们教授的女儿。 The company was in the red . 这家公司出现了赤字。 16.in secret 暗地里，秘密地 in the secret. 知道内情，参与秘密 She wept in secret. 她暗暗哭泣。 She wrote to the newspaper in secret. 她秘密给报社写了信。 I know a man who is in the secret. 我认识一个了解内情的人。 17.in sight of 看得见，在看得见……的地方 in the sight of 在……看来，从……观点来看 Are we in sight of land yet? 现在看得见陆地了吗？ He should be sentenced to death in the sight of law. 从法律角度来看，他该被判处死刑。 18.in view of 鉴于，由于 in the view of 按……的意见 In view of the circumstances,we should give up the plan. 考虑到情况的变化，我们应该放弃这 项计划。 In the view of Marxist-Leninist,the people are the makers ofhistory. 马列主义者认为人民是 历史的创造者。 19.keep house 管理家务 keep the house 守在家里 Richard’s wife,Harriet.had been ill in bed for five years,andso his sister Caroline kept house. 理查德的妻子哈丽特病卧在床五年了，因此他的姐姐卡罗琳管家。 Mr Smith had to keep the house that night. 那天晚上史密斯先生不得不守在家里。 20.on fire 着火 on the fire 在考虑中，在准备中 The enemy could not but abandon the warship on fire. 敌人只好放弃着火的战舰。 The young writer has a new novel on the fire. 这位年轻的作家正打算写一部新小说。 21.out of question 不成问题，无疑的 out of the question 不可能 If you persist,your success is out of question. 如果你坚持下去，成功是无疑的。 It is out of the question for anyone to build a castle in theair. 任何人想建立空中楼阁都是 不可能的。 22.take air 传播，泄漏 take the air 出外，呼吸新鲜空气，兜风 The story has taken air. 这件事已经传开了。 At the door of the engine room,the engineer sat smoking a pipeand taking the air. 机械师 坐在机房门口，边抽烟斗边透一透空气。 23.take place 发生 take the place of 代替 Great changes have taken place in our country since 1978. 自从１９７８年以来我国已经发生了 巨大的变化。 Eiectric trains have taken the place of steam trains in someplaces in China.在中国，电气火 车已经在有些地方取代了蒸气机火车。
页:
[1]